VELAR AND PALATAL FRONTING: An alveolar sound is substituted with a velar sound, can becomes “tan”ĬLUSTER REDUCTION: The replacement of a 2-elemetn cluster is simplified into a single consonant, stop becomes “top”. WEAK SYLLABLE DELETION: The deletion of an unstressed or weak syllable, elephant becomes “efant” STOPPING OF FRICATIVES: A fricative is substituted with a stop sound, “four becomes “bore” sun becomes “tun” PRE-VOCALIC VOICING: A voiceless initial consonant is substituted with a voiced consonant, pig becomes” big”įINAL CONSONANT DEVOICING A final voiced consonant is substituted with a voiceless consonant, pig becomes “pickįINAL CONSONANT DELETION: The omission of the final consonant in a word, cat becomes “ka” VELAR ASSIMILATION: A non-velar sound is changed to a velar sound because of the influence of another velar sound in a word, tack becomes “kack” Some examples include initial consonant deletion, medial consonant deletion, glottal replacement, backing and stopping of glides. child’s realisations Phonological process (phonological deviation) Adult Child Description Approximate age of elimination Context sensitive voicing PIG: p' KISS: k s b. This may be a sign that a child has a phonological processing disorder. Table 2.4 Common phonological processes and their approximate ages of elimination in typical acquisition (Grunwell, 1987) Adult target vs. ![]() The following processes are typical errors which means that many children use them as part of their normal development however grow out of them overtime.Ītypical phonological processes are not seen in typically developing language learners. ![]() These patterns are usually found in children who are learning how to talk, and they tend to simply the more complex words in a predictable manner. Phonological errors are different to sound errors, they are patterns that are simplified productions.
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